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Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868
ARTICLES OF A TREATY
MADE AND CONCLUDED BY AND BETWEEN
Lieutenant General William T. Sherman, General William S. Harney, General Alfred
H. Terry, General O. O. Augur, J. B. Henderson, Nathaniel G. Taylor, John G.
Sanborn, and Samuel F. Tappan, duly appointed commissioners on the part of the
United States, and the different bands of the Sioux Nation of Indians, by their
chiefs and headmen, whose names are hereto subscribed, they being duly
authorized to act in the premises.
ARTICLE I.
From this day forward all war between the parties to this agreement shall for
ever cease. The government of the United States desires peace, and its honor is
hereby pledged to keep it. The Indians desire peace, and they now pledge their
honor to maintain it.
If bad men among the whites, or among other people subject to the authority of
the United States, shall commit any wrong upon the person or property of the
Indians, the United States will, upon proof made to the agent, and forwarded to
the Commissioner of Indian Affairs at Washington city, proceed at once to cause
the offender to be arrested and punished according to the laws of the United
States, and also reimburse the injured person for the loss sustained.
If bad men among the Indians shall commit a wrong or depredation upon the person
or property of nay one, white, black, or Indian, subject to the authority of the
United States, and at peace therewith, the Indians herein named solemnly agree
that they will, upon proof made to their agent, and notice by him, deliver up
the wrongdoer to the United States, to be tried and punished according to its
laws, and, in case they willfully refuse so to do, the person injured shall be
reimbursed for his loss from the annuities, or other moneys due or to become due
to them under this or other treaties made with the United States; and the
President, on advising with the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, shall prescribe
such rules and regulations for ascertaining damages under the provisions of this
article as in his judgment may be proper, but no one sustaining loss while
violating the provisions of this treaty, or the laws of the United States, shall
be reimbursed therefor.
ARTICLE II.
The United States agrees that the following district of country, to wit, viz:
commencing on the east bank of the Missouri river where the 46th parallel of
north latitude crosses the same, thence along low-water mark down said east bank
to a point opposite where the northern line of the State of Nebraska strikes the
river, thence west across said river, and along the northern line of Nebraska to
the 104th degree of longitude west from Greenwich, thence north on said meridian
to a point where the 46th parallel of north latitude intercepts the same, thence
due east along said parallel to the place of beginning; and in addition thereto,
all existing reservations of the east back of said river, shall be and the same
is, set apart for the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the Indians
herein named, and for such other friendly tribes or individual Indians as from
time to time they may be willing, with the consent of the United States, to
admit amongst them; and the United States now solemnly agrees that no persons,
except those herein designated and authorized so to do, and except such
officers, agents, and employees of the government as may be authorized to enter
upon Indian reservations in discharge of duties enjoined by law, shall ever be
permitted to pass over, settle upon, or reside in the territory described in
this article, or in such territory as may be added to this reservation for the
use of said Indians, and henceforth they will and do hereby relinquish all
claims or right in and to any portion of the United States or Territories,
except such as is embraced within the limits aforesaid, and except as
hereinafter provided.
ARTICLE III.
If it should appear from actual survey or other satisfactory examination of said
tract of land that it contains less than 160 acres of tillable land for each
person who, at the time, may be authorized to reside on it under the provisions
of this treaty, and a very considerable number of such persons hsall be disposed
to comence cultivating the soil as farmers, the United States agrees to set
apart, for the use of said Indians, as herein provided, such additional quantity
of arable land, adjoining to said reservation, or as near to the same as it can
be obtained, as may be required to provide the necessary amount.
ARTICLE IV.
The United States agrees, at its own proper expense, to construct, at some place
on the Missouri river, near the centre of said reservation where timber and
water may be convenient, the following buildings, to wit, a warehouse, a
store-room for the use of the agent in storing goods belonging to the Indians,
to cost not less than $2,500; an agency building, for the residence of the
agent, to cost not exceeding $3,000; a residence for the physician, to cost not
more than $3,000; and five other buildings, for a carpenter, farmer, blacksmith,
miller, and engineer-each to cost not exceeding $2,000; also, a school-house, or
mission building, so soon as a sufficient number of children can be induced by
the agent to attend school, which shall not cost exceeding $5,000.
The United States agrees further to cause to be erected on said reservation,
near the other buildings herein authorized, a good steam circular saw-mill, with
a grist-mill and shingle machine attached to the same, to cost not exceeding
$8,000.
ARTICLE V.
The United States agrees that the agent for said Indians shall in the future
make his home at the agency building; that he shall reside among them, and keep
an office open at all times for the purpose of prompt and diligent inquiry into
such matters of complaint by and against the Indians as may be presented for
investigation under the provisions of their treaty stipulations, as also for the
faithful discharge of other duties enjoined on him by law. In all cases of
depredation on person or property he shall cause the evidence to be taken in
writing and forwarded, together with his findings, to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, whose decision, subject to the revision of the Secretary of the
Interior, shall be binding on the parties to this treaty.
ARTICLE VI.
If any individual belonging to said tribes of Indians, or legally incorporated
with them, being the head of a family, shall desire to commence farming, he
shall have the privilege to select, in the presence and with the assistance of
the agent then in charge, a tract of land within said reservation, not exceeding
three hundred and twenty acres in extent, which tract, when so selected,
certified, and recorded in the "Land Book" as herein directed, shall cease to be
held in common, but the same may be occupied and held in the exclusive
possession of the person selecting it, and of his family, so long as he or they
may continue to cultivate it.
Any person over eighteen years of age, not being the head of a family, may in
like manner select and cause to be certified to him or her, for purposes of
cultivation, a quantity of land, not exceeding eighty acres in extent, and
thereupon be entitled to the exclusive possession of the same as above directed.
For each tract of land so selected a certificate, containing a description
thereof and the name of the person selecting it, with a certificate endorsed
thereon that the same has been recorded, shall be delivered to the party
entitled to it, by the agent, after the same shall have been recorded by him in
a book to be kept in his office, subject to inspection, which said book shall be
known as the "Sioux Land Book."
The President may, at any time, order a survey of the reservation, and, when so
surveyed, Congress shall provide for protecting the rights of said settlers in
their improvements, and may fix the character of the title held by each. The
United States may pass such laws on the subject of alienation and descent of
property between the Indians and their descendants as may be thought proper. And
it is further stipulated that any male Indians over eighteen years of age, of
any band or tribe that is or shall hereafter become a party to this treaty, who
now is or who shall hereafter become a resident or occupant of any reservation
or territory not included in the tract of country designated and described in
this treaty for the permanent home of the Indians, which is not mineral land,
nor reserved by the United States for special purposes other than Indian
occupation, and who shall have made improvements thereon of the value of two
hundred dollars or more, and continuously occupied the same as a homestead for
the term of three years, shall be entitled to receive from the United States a
patent for one hundred and sixty acres of land including his said improvements,
the same to be in the form of the legal subdivisions of the surveys of the
public lands. Upon application in writing, sustained by the proof of two
disinterested witnesses, made to the register of the local land office when the
land sought to be entered is within a land district, and when the tract sought
to be entered is not in any land district, then upon said application and proof
being made to the Commissioner of the General Land Office, and the right of such
Indian or Indians to enter such tract or tracts of land shall accrue and be
perfect from the date of his first improvements thereon, and shall continue as
long as be continues his residence and improvements and no longer. And any
Indian or Indians receiving a patent for land under the foregoing provisions
shall thereby and from thenceforth become and be a citizen of the United States
and be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of such citizens, and
shall, at the same time, retain all his rights to benefits accruing to Indians
under this treaty.
ARTICLE VII.
In order to insure the civilization of the Indians entering into this treaty,
the necessity of education is admitted, especially of such of them as are or may
be settled on said agricultural reservations, and they, therefore, pledge
themselves to compel their children, male and female, between the ages of six
and sixteen years, to attend school, and it is hereby made the duty of the agent
for said Indians to see that this stipulation is strictly complied with; and the
United States agrees that for every thirty children between said ages, who can
be induced or compelled to attend school, a house shall be provided, and a
teacher competent to teach the elementary branches of an English education shall
be furnished, who will reside among said Indians and faithfully discharge his or
her duties as a teacher. The provisions of this article to continue for not less
than twenty years.
ARTICLE VIII.
When the head of a family or lodge shall have selected lands and received his
certificate as above directed, and the agent shall be satisfied that he intends
in good faith to commence cultivating the soil for a living, he shall be
entitled to receive seeds and agricultural implements for the first year, not
exceeding in value one hundred dollars, and for each succeeding year he shall
continue to farm, for a period of three years more, he shall be entitled to
receive seeds and implements as aforesaid, not exceeding in value twenty-five
dollars. And it is further stipulated that such persons as commence farming
shall receive instruction from the farmer herein provided for, and whenever more
than one hundred persons shall enter upon the cultivation of the soil, a second
blacksmith shall be provided, with such iron, steel, and other material as may
be needed.
ARTICLE IX.
At any time after ten years fro the making of this treaty, the United States
shall have the privilege of withdrawing the physician, farmer, blacksmith,
carpenter, engineer, and miller herein provided for, but in case of such
withdrawal, an additional sum thereafter of ten thousand dollars per annum shall
be devoted to the education of said Indians, and the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs shall, upon careful inquiry into their condition, make such rules and
regulations for the expenditure of said sums as will best promote the education
and moral improvement of said tribes.
ARTICLE X.
In lieu of all sums of money or other annuities provided to be paid to the
Indians herein named under any treaty or treaties heretofore made, the United
States agrees to deliver at the agency house on the reservation herein named, on
or before the first day of August of each year, for thirty years, the following
articles, to wit:
For each male person over 14 years of age, a suit of good substantial woollen
clothing, consisting of coat, pantaloons, flannel shirt, hat, and a pair of
home-made socks.
For each female over 12 years of age, a flannel shirt, or the goods necessary to
make it, a pair of woollen hose, 12 yards of calico, and 12 yards of cotton
domestics.
For the boys and girls under the ages named, such flannel and cotton goods as
may be needed to make each a suit as aforesaid, together with a pair of woollen
hose for each.
And in order that the Commissioner of Indian Affairs may be able to estimate
properly for the articles herein named, it shall be the duty of the agent each
year to forward to him a full and exact census of the Indians, on which the
estimate from year to year can be based.
And in addition to the clothing herein named, the sum of $10 for each person
entitled to the beneficial effects of this treaty shall be annually appropriated
for a period of 30 years, while such persons roam and hunt, and $20 for each
person who engages in farming, to be used by the Secretary of the Interior in
the purchase of such articles as from time to time the condition and necessities
of the Indians may indicate to be proper. And if within the 30 years, at any
time, it shall appear that the amount of money needed for clothing, under this
article, can be appropriated to better uses for the Indians named herein,
Congress may, by law, change the appropriation to other purposes, but in no
event shall the amount of the appropriation be withdrawn or discontinued for the
period named. And the President shall annually detail an officer of the army to
be present and attest the delivery of all the goods herein named, to the
Indians, and he shall inspect and report on the quantity and quality of the
goods and the manner of their delivery. And it is hereby expressly stipulated
that each Indian over the age of four years, who shall have removed to and
settled permanently upon said reservation, one pound of meat and one pound of
flour per day, provided the Indians cannot furnish their own subsistence at an
earlier date. And it is further stipulated that the United States will furnish
and deliver to each lodge of Indians or family of persons legally incorporated
with the, who shall remove to the reservation herein described and commence
farming, one good American cow, and one good well-broken pair of American oxen
within 60 days after such lodge or family shall have so settled upon said
reservation.
ARTICLE XI.
In consideration of the advantages and benefits conferred by this treaty and the
many pledges of friendship by the United States, the tribes who are parties to
this agreement hereby stipulate that they will relinquish all right to occupy
permanently the territory outside their reservations as herein defined, but yet
reserve the right to hunt on any lands north of North Platte, and on the
Republican Fork of the Smoky Hill river, so long as the buffalo may range
thereon in such numbers as to justify the chase. And they, the said Indians,
further expressly agree:
1st. That they will withdraw all opposition to the construction of the railroads
now being built on the plains.
2d. That they will permit the peaceful construction of any railroad not passing
over their reservation as herein defined.
3d. That they will not attack any persons at home, or travelling, nor molest or
disturb any wagon trains, coaches, mules, or cattle belonging to the people of
the United States, or to persons friendly therewith.
4th. They will never capture, or carry off from the settlements, white women or
children.
5th. They will never kill or scalp white men, nor attempt to do them harm.
6th. They withdraw all pretence of opposition to the construction of the
railroad now being built along the Platte river and westward to the Pacific
ocean, and they will not in future object to the construction of railroads,
wagon roads, mail stations, or other works of utility or necessity, which may be
ordered or permitted by the laws of the United States. But should such roads or
other works be constructed on the lands of their reservation, the government
will pay the tribe whatever amount of damage may be assessed by three
disinterested commissioners to be appointed by the President for that purpose,
one of the said commissioners to be a chief or headman of the tribe.
7th. They agree to withdraw all opposition to the military posts or roads now
established south of the North Platte river, or that may be established, not in
violation of treaties heretofore made or hereafter to be made with any of the
Indian tribes.
ARTICLE XII.
No treaty for the cession of any portion or part of the reservation herein
described which may be held in common, shall be of any validity or force as
against the said Indians unless executed and signed by at least three-fourths of
all the adult male Indians occupying or interested in the same, and no cession
by the tribe shall be understood or construed in such manner as to deprive,
without his consent, any individual member of the tribe of his rights to any
tract of land selected by him as provided in Article VI of this treaty.
ARTICLE XIII.
The United States hereby agrees to furnish annually to the Indians the
physician, teachers, carpenter, miller, engineer, farmer, and blacksmiths, as
herein contemplated, and that such appropriations shall be made from time to
time, on the estimate of the Secretary of the Interior, as will be sufficient to
employ such persons.
ARTICLE XIV.
It is agreed that the sum of five hundred dollars annually for three years from
date shall be expended in presents to the ten persons of said tribe who in the
judgment of the agent may grow the most valuable crops for the respective year.
ARTICLE XV.
The Indians herein named agree that when the agency house and other buildings
shall be constructed on the reservation named, they will regard said reservation
their permanent home, and they will make no permanent settlement elsewhere; but
they shall have the right, subject to the conditions and modifications of this
treaty, to hunt, as stipulated in Article XI hereof.
ARTICLE XVI.
The United States hereby agrees and stipulates that the country north of the
North Platte river and east of the summits of the Big Horn mountains shall be
held and considered to be unceded. Indian territory, and also stipulates and
agrees that no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or
occupy any portion of the same; or without the consent of the Indians, first had
and obtained, to pass through the same; and it is further agreed by the United
States, that within ninety days after the conclusion of peace with all the bands
of the Sioux nation, the military posts now established in the territory in this
article named shall be abandoned, and that the road leading to them and by them
to the settlements in the Territory of Montana shall be closed.
ARTICLE XVII.
It is hereby expressly understood and agreed by and between the respective
parties to this treaty that the execution of this treaty and its ratification by
the United States Senate shall have the effect, and shall be construed as
abrogating and annulling all treaties and agreements heretofore entered into
between the respective parties hereto, so far as such treaties and agreements
obligate the United States to furnish and provide money, clothing, or other
articles of property to such Indians and bands of Indians as become parties to
this treaty, but no further.
In testimony of all which, we, the said commissioners, and we, the chiefs and
headmen of the Brule band of the Sioux nation, have hereunto set our hands and
seals at Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory, this twenty-ninth day of April, in the
year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
N. G. TAYLOR,
W. T. SHERMAN,
Lieutenant General
WM. S. HARNEY,
Brevet Major General U.S.A.
JOHN B. SANBORN,
S. F. TAPPAN,
C. C. AUGUR,
Brevet Major General
ALFRED H. TERRY,
Brevet Major General U.S.A.
Attest:
A. S. H. WHITE, Secretary.
Executed on the part of the Brule band of Sioux by the chiefs and headman whose
names are hereto annexed, they being thereunto duly authorized, at Fort Laramie,
D. T., the twenty-ninth day of April, in the year A. D. 1868.
MA-ZA-PON-KASKA, his X mark, Iron Shell.
WAH-PAT-SHAH, his X mark, Red Leaf.
HAH-SAH-PAH, his X mark, Black Horn.
ZIN-TAH-GAH-LAT-WAH, his X mark, Spotted Tail.
ZIN-TAH-GKAH, his X mark, White Tail.
ME-WAH-TAH-NE-HO-SKAH, his X mark, Tall Man.
SHE-CHA-CHAT-KAH, his X mark, Bad Left Hand.
NO-MAH-NO-PAH, his X mark, Two and Two.
TAH-TONKA-SKAH, his X mark, White Bull.
CON-RA-WASHTA, his X mark, Pretty Coon.
HA-CAH-CAH-SHE-CHAH, his X mark, Bad Elk.
WA-HA-KA-ZAH-ISH-TAH, his X mark, Eye Lance.
MA-TO-HA-KE-TAH, his X mark, Bear that looks behind.
BELLA-TONKA-TONKA, his X mark, Big Partisan.
MAH-TO-HO-HONKA, his X mark, Swift Bear.
TO-WIS-NE, his X mark, Cold Place.
ISH-TAH-SKAH, his X mark, White Eye.
MA-TA-LOO-ZAH, his X mark, Fast Bear.
AS-HAH-HAH-NAH-SHE, his X mark, Standing Elk.
CAN-TE-TE-KI-YA, his X mark, The Brave Heart.
SHUNKA-SHATON, his X mark, Day Hawk.
TATANKA-WAKON, his X mark, Sacred Bull.
MAPIA SHATON, his X mark, Hawk Cloud.
MA-SHA-A-OW, his X mark, Stands and Comes.
SHON-KA-TON-KA, his X mark, Big Dog.
Attest:
ASHTON S. H. WHITE, Secretary of Commission.
GEORGE B. WITHS, Phonographer to Commission.
GEO. H. HOLTZMAN.
JOHN D. HOWLAND.
JAMES C. O'CONNOR.
CHAR. E. GUERN, Interpreter.
LEON T. PALLARDY, Interpreter.
NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.
Executed on the part of the Ogallalla band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen
whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized, at Fort
Laramie, the 25th day of May, in the year A. D. 1868.
TAH-SHUN-KA-CO-QUI-PAH, his + mark,
Man-afraid-of-his-horses.
SHA-TON-SKAH, his + mark, White Hawk.
SHA-TON-SAPAH, his + mark, Black Hawk.
EGA-MON-TON-KA-SAPAH, his + mark, Black Tiger
OH-WAH-SHE-CHA, his + mark, Bad Wound.
PAH-GEE, his + mark, Grass.
WAH-NON SAH-CHE-GEH, his + mark, Ghost Heart.
COMECH, his + mark, Crow.
OH-HE-TE-KAH, his + mark, The Brave.
TAH-TON-KAH-HE-YO-TA-KAH, his + mark, Sitting Bull.
SHON-KA-OH-WAH-MEN-YE, his + mark, Whirlwind Dog.
HA-KAH-KAH-TAH-MIECH, his + mark, Poor Elk.
WAM-BU-LEE-WAH-KON, his + mark, Medicine Eagle.
CHON-GAH-MA-HE-TO-HANS-KA, his + mark, High Wolf.
WAH-SECHUN-TA-SHUN-KAH, his + mark, American Horse.
MAH-KAH-MAH-HA-MAK-NEAR, his + mark,
Man that walks under the ground.
MAH-TO-TOW-PAH, his + mark, Four Bears.
MA-TO-WEE-SHA-KTA, his + mark,
One that kills the bear.
OH-TAH-KEE-TOKA-WEE-CHAKTA, his + mark,
One that kills in a hard place.
TAH-TON-KAH-TA-MIECH, his + mark, The Poor Bull.
OH-HUNS-EE-GA-NON-SKEN, his + mark, Mad Shade.
SHAH-TON-OH-NAH-OM-MINNE-NE-OH-MINNE,
his + mark, Whirling hawk.
MAH-TO-CHUN-KA-OH, his + mark, Bear's Back.
CHE-TON-WEE-KOH, his + mark, Fool Hawk.
WAH-HOH-KE-ZA-AH-HAH, his + mark,
EH-TON-KAH, his + mark, Big Mouth.
MA-PAH-CHE-TAH, his + mark, Bad Hand.
WAH-KE-YUN-SHAH, his + mark, Red Thunder.
WAK-SAH, his + mark, One that Cuts Off.
CHAH-NOM-QUI-YAH, his + mark,
One that Presents the Pipe.
WAH-KE-KE-YAN-PUH-TAH, his + mark, Fire Thunder.
MAH-TO-NONK-PAH-ZE, his + mark,
Bear with Yellow Ears.
CON-REE-TEH-KA, his + mark, The Little Crow.
HE-HUP-PAH-TOH, his + mark, The Blue War Club.
SHON-KEE-TOH, his + mark, The Blue Horse.
WAM-BALLA-OH-CONQUO, his + mark, Quick Eagle.
TA-TONKA-SUPPA, his + mark, Black Bull.
MOH-TOH-HA-SHE-NA, his + mark, The Bear Hide.
Attest:
S. E. WARD.
JAS. C. O'CONNOR.
J. M. SHERWOOD.
W. C. SLICER.
SAM DEON.
H. M. MATHEWS.
JOSEPH BISS
NICHOLAS JANIS, Interpreter.
LEFROY JOTT, Interpreter.
ANTOINE JANIS, Interpreter.
Executed on the part of the Minneconjou band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen
whose names are hereunto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized.
HEH-WON-GE-CHAT, his + mark, One Horn.
OH-PON-AH-TAH-E-MANNE, his + mark,
The Elk that Bellows Walking.
HEH-HO-LAH-ZEH-CHA-SKAH, his + mark,
Young White Bull.
WAH-CHAH-CHUM-KAH-COH-KEEPAH, his + mark,
One that is Afraid of Shield.
HE-HON-NE-SHAKTA, his + mark, The Old Owl.
MOC-PE-A-TOH, his + mark, Blue Cloud.
OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH, his + mark, Spotted Elk.
TAH-TONK-KA-HON-KE-SCHUE, his + mark, Slow Bull.
SHONK-A-NEE-SHAH-SHAH-ATAH-PE, his + mark,
The Dog Chief.
MA-TO-TAH-TA-TONK-KA, his + mark, Bull Bear.
WOM-BEH-LE-TON-KAH, his + mark, The Big Eagle.
MATOH, EH-SCHNE-LAH, his + mark, The Lone Bear.
MA-TOH-OH-HE-TO-KEH, his + mark, The Brave Bear.
EH-CHE-MA-KEH, his + mark, The Runner.
TI-KI-YA, his + mark, The Hard.
HE-MA-ZA, his + mark, Iron Horn.
Attest:
JAS. C O'CONNOR,
WM. D. BROWN,
NICHOLAS JANIS,
ANTOINE JANIS,
Interpreters.
Executed on the part of the Yanctonais band of Sioux by the chiefs and headmen
whose names are hereto subscribed, they being thereunto duly authorized:
MAH-TO-NON-PAH, his + mark, Two Bears.
MA-TO-HNA-SKIN-YA, his + mark, Mad Bear.
HE-O-PU-ZA, his + mark, Louzy.
AH-KE-CHE-TAH-CHE-KA-DAN, his + mark, Little Soldier.
MAH-TO-E-TAN-CHAN, his + mark, Chief Bear.
CU-WI-TO-WIA, his + mark, Rotten Stomach.
SKUN-KA-WE-TKO, his + mark, Fool Dog.
ISH-TA-SAP-PAH, his + mark, Black Eye.
IH-TAN-CHAN, his + mark, The Chief.
I-A-WI-CA-KA, his + mark, The One who Tells the Truth.
AH-KE-CHE-TAH, his + mark, The Soldier.
TA-SHI-NA-GI, his + mark, Yellow Robe.
NAH-PE-TON-KA, his + mark, Big Hand.
CHAN-TEE-WE-KTO, his + mark, Fool Heart.
HOH-GAN-SAH-PA, his + mark, Black Catfish.
MAH-TO-WAH-KAN, his + mark, Medicine Bear.
SHUN-KA-KAN-SHA, his + mark, Red Horse.
WAN-RODE, his + mark, The Eagle.
CAN-HPI-SA-PA, his + mark, Black Tomahawk.
WAR-HE-LE-RE, his + mark, Yellow Eagle.
CHA-TON-CHE-CA, his + mark, Small Hawk,
or Long Fare.
SHU-GER-MON-E-TOO-HA-SKA, his + mark, Fall Wolf.
MA-TO-U-TAH-KAH, his + mark, Sitting Bear.
HI-HA-CAH-GE-NA-SKENE, his + mark, Mad Elk.
Arapahoes.
LITTLE CHIEF, his + mark.
TALL BEAR, his + mark.
TOP MAN, his + mark.
NEVA, his + mark.
THE WOUNDED BEAR, his + mark.
WHIRLWIND, his + mark.
THE FOX, his + mark.
THE DOG BIG MOUTH, his + mark.
SPOTTED WOLF, his + mark.
SORREL HORSE, his + mark.
BLACK COAL, his + mark.
BIG WOLF, his + mark.
KNOCK-KNEE, his + mark.
BLACK CROW, his + mark.
THE LONE OLD MAN, his + mark.
PAUL, his + mark.
BLACK BULL, his + mark.
BIG TRACK, his + mark.
THE FOOT, his + mark.
BLACK WHITE, his + mark.
YELLOW HAIR, his + mark.
LITTLE SHIELD, his + mark.
BLACK BEAR, his + mark.
WOLF MOCASSIN, his + mark.
BIG ROBE, his + mark.
WOLF CHIEF, his + mark.
Witnesses:
ROBERT P. MCKIBBIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, and Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. A.,
Commanding Fort Laramie.
WM. H. POWELL,
Brevet Major, Captain 4th Infantry.
HENRY W. PATTERSON,
Captain 4th Infantry.
THEO E. TRUE,
Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.
W. G. BULLOCK.
FORT LARAMIE, WYOMING TERRITORY
November 6, 1868.
MAH-PI-AH-LU-TAH, his + mark, Red Cloud.
WA-KI-AH-WE-CHA-SHAH, his + mark, Thunder Man.
MA-ZAH-ZAH-GEH, his + mark, Iron Cane.
WA-UMBLE-WHY-WA-KA-TUYAH, his + mark, High Eagle.
KO-KE-PAH, his + mark, Man Afraid.
WA-KI-AH-WA-KOU-AH, his + mark, Thunder Flying Running.
Witnessess:
W. MCE. DYE,
Brevet Colonel U. S. Army, Commanding.
A. B. CAIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, Brevet Major U. S. Army.
ROBT. P. MCKIBBIN,
Captain 4th Infantry, Bvt. Lieut. Col. U. S. Army.
JNO. MILLER,
Captain 4th Infantry.
G. L. LUHN,
First Lieutenant 4th Infantry, Bvt. Capt. U. S. Army.
H. C. SLOAN,
Second Lieutenant 4th Infantry.
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